systick timer stm32 example. I added a GPIO output port on PA8 to e
systick timer stm32 example 因为第一次移植，我们会全部从CC2538里面进行提取。. 代码 （1）代码发送组成部分 void Task_Time(void) { if (++key_count== 10 ) {key_count= 0 ;key_scan= 1 ;} if (++uart_count== 1000 ) {uart_count= 0 ;uart_send= 1 ;} if (++lcd_count== 100 ) {lcd_count= 0 ;lcd_show= 1 ;} } void UART_Send(void) { if (uart_send== 1) { uart_send= 0; sprintf ( ( char *)TX, " HELLO … Working example available here The systick timer The cortex m0 contains a 24 bit counter that can be used to generate periodic interrupts. 今天说一说 定时器的种类_STM32中文参考手册 ,希望您对编程的造诣更进一步. Some of the work are actually done before since the helper like vring_dma_device(). txt to . However, HAL-timebase related functions are defined as weak so that they can be overloaded to … Correct, you can also use LL instead of the HAL or control the DAC in bare metal. It indicates, "Click to perform a search". ---TC_WKUP as main source of time base, instead of … G431（）HAL库配置串口. For example, you can measure the duration of a short function using the following code: unsigned int start_time, stop_time, cycle_count; SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disables SysTick SysTick->LOAD = 0xFFFFFFFF; // Sets the Reload value to maximum SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clears the current value to 0 Systick timer is often used as delay or heartbeat clock of real-time system. It is a 4-core ARM Cortex A7 CPU. Security Vulnerability Related. User manual. General … Getting Started with STM32 - Introduction to FreeRTOS Login orREGISTERHello, {0}Account & Lists Orders & Carts Lists Quotes LoginRegisterWhy Register? myDIGIKEY Orders & Carts Lists Quotes Logout Your item(s)0 View CartCHECKOUT Products Back Automation & Control Back Accessories Controllers - Accessories f { /* STM32F0xx HAL library initialization: - Configure the Flash prefetch - Systick timer is configured by default as source of time base, but user can eventually implement his proper time base source (a general purpose timer for example or other time source), keeping in mind that Time base duration should be kept 1ms since PPP_TIMEOUT_VALUEs … This application note describes the various modes and specific features of the low-power timer (LPTIM) embedded in the STM32 microcontrollers (MCUs) and microprocessors … { /* STM32F0xx HAL library initialization: - Configure the Flash prefetch - Systick timer is configured by default as source of time base, but user can eventually implement his proper time base source (a general purpose timer for example or other time source), keeping in mind that Time base duration should be kept 1ms since PPP_TIMEOUT_VALUEs . 参考电压是3. 今天记录一下stm32定时器的学习，很多地方也不是很懂，只把初始化定时器的部分理解了一个大概，做一个单纯的记录吧，以后的学习中再深入理解一下！. The STM32 LPTIM allows the system to perform simple tasks while the power consumption is kept at an absolute minimum. From the standardized memory map and CMSIS stm32l1xx header file, we can define a data structure to the 4 System timer registers. For example, if the clock is running at 32MHz, the countdown value is 320,000. Now I tried to delay the toggle by calling HAL_Delay. When the value of the reload value register decreases to 0, the system timer generates an inte… See more The SysTick timer is unique timer and differs from general timers found on an STM32 microcontroller board, because it is found in the processor of the chip on board. 先找到board. Introduction STM32Cube is an STMicroelectronics original initiative to significantly improve developer productivity by reducing development effort, time and cost. This tutorial shows how control the hardware timers of an STM32 microcontroller. One of the uses of that is, for example, that you can check the value of that … 推介，用户所有的应用工程都在examples里面，新建 _stm32f10x 及几个备用文件夹: 碰到HK32F MM32F GD32F，都按照这个思路处理就好，这样会比较精炼 简洁。 。 。 第三步： 进入contiki_v4. Feb 8, 2022 · Working with STM32 and sensors: GPS NEO-6M UART based sensor Posted February 8, 2022 by Husamuldeen in Embedded Systems , LCD , Peripheral Drivers , STM32 In this guide, we shall investigate the GPS and how it works and use NEO-6M GPS module to locate our location in any … 一个配置文件和实现文件的过程。. c - provides the SystemInit() function with system clock setup, SysTick setup, etc Viewed 23k times 1 In actual I need to measure speed of motor. （如果少这一步，很多OS功能无法正常使用，或者没有真正使用CONTIKI进行工作）. A real-time operating system is an operating system optimized for use in embedded/real-time applications. Contribute to yadongwang110/LiteOS_Kernel development by creating an account on GitHub. In STM32F4 controllers, systick timer is configured to generate interrupt on every 1 ms. GeneralPurpose Timer Cookbook for STM32 Microcontrollers A classic example is interrupt entry / exit which on most processors requires special sequence. 3V，由于精度是十二位的，表示最小可以 . c，放入到arch\platform\stm32中. The time of each count is 1/SYSCLK. html Share … STM32 any timer can be implemented, let's take SysTick timer as an example. STM32 - ADC电压采集 开发板使用的是 STM32 F103RBT6芯片，查数据手册可知，这款芯片包含2个16通道12位的ADC。. htmlWant to support this channel : https://www. c Go to file timsonater changed . kernel. The LED should be toggled every time the interrupt routine is run. - Allow passing a dma_device when creating . One of the most brilliant design decisions for Cortex-M was to make the core do just enough extra work on exceptions and design the ABI so that they became just regular C functions. 14. SysTick is a 24 bit countdown timer. Besides minor changes not in scope of this overview, a significant update divides the STM32 family Here, I'm trying to toggle an LED (onboard LD4 LED) on the STM32L100 Discovery Board by using a timer interrupt. Interrupt with divided 9 MHz system clock as SysTick timer： Interrupt every second using SysTick timer by optimizing the consumption during both run-time and idle-time. Memory Protection UnitIt improves system reliability by de ning the memory attributes for di erent memory regions. I added a GPIO output port on PA8 to enable/disable an LED. This lesson explains the … Every 1ms it gets incremented by 1 (32-bit variable will overflow after almost 50 days). Their primary objective is to ensure a timely and deterministic response to events. Listing 5 shows the code modified to use the SYSTICK timer service counter. STM32Cube includes: • STM32CubeMX, a graphical software configuration tool … 今天记录一下stm32定时器的学习，很多地方也不是很懂，只把初始化定时器的部分理解了一个大概，做一个单纯的记录吧，以后的学习中再深入理解一下！！！ 定时器的配置部分可以分为两个部分：初始化NVIC（中断优先级设置）和初始化定时器，下面我们来分别 . org/FAQHelp. . h) and source (. This work left are: - Let vring_dma_device() return the per virtqueue dma device instead of the vdev's parent. will Suppose, for example, that when by the time the processor reads the data from SysTick->VAL it has already started executing the instruction to read SysTickMajor into major1. 代码 （1）代码发送组成部分 void Task_Time(void) { if (++key_count== 10 ) {key_count= 0 ;key_scan= 1 ;} if (++uart_count== 1000 ) {uart_count= 0 ;uart_send= 1 ;} if (++lcd_count== 100 ) {lcd_count= 0 ;lcd_show= 1 ;} } void UART_Send(void) { if (uart_send== 1) { uart_send= 0; sprintf ( ( char *)TX, " HELLO … 今天说一说 定时器的种类_STM32中文参考手册 ,希望您对编程的造诣更进一步. I am a bit stuck since I found no working solution. The system timer is a 24bit downward decreasing counter. So SystemCoreClock is set to 64 MHz. SysTick timer is applicable to all STM32 development boards. One is called C-chip (computing chip). The SysTick timer generates interrupts in cycles of a set duration, so it is easy to use the SysTick timer for a small application, for example, to have a process run periodically every second. 定时器的配置部 … G431（）HAL库配置串口. 定时器的配置部 … stm32-CAN-bus-example-HAL-API/main. If the vector table uses CMSIS names for the handlers then you can map the CMSIS name to the name of the FreeRTOS systick handler in FreeRTOSConfig. Example: if you use a max count of 8000 on a system clock of 8MHz, the delay would be 1ms. The clock tree in the F0 discovery . SysTick has indeed a default priority level that is higher than any interrupt, but that's only because at reset, all priorities are set to 0, and in case of a tie, the lower IRQ number wins, in this case, SysTick with -1. System timer (SysTick)Use this 24-bit count-down timer as a Real Time Operating System (RTOS) tick timer or as a simple counter. h - provides a simple API on top of the CMSIS API, like gpio_write(), uart_init(), etc; sysinit. For example, in UCOS, time … 一个配置文件和实现文件的过程。. SP7021 consists of two chips (dies) in a package. The systick timer is a lot easier and simpler to get going, and isnt always present, some cores dont have it as an option at all and some as an option (for the chip vendor to decide at compile time), so it has that advantage, although there may be some timers in some chips that are equally simple. 8M Hz and have set the system clock at 168 MHz for STM32F407 using CubeMX but in the code file 'system_stm32f4xx. STM32CubeMX配置 2. SysTick timer calculation for 1ms tick with 100 Mhz CPU clock (cclk). The following is an example of this. The STM32CubeG0 MCU Package is delivered with a rich set of examples running on STMicroelectronics boards. Gps GPS NMEA Library for stm32 HAL. c * @brief : Main program body ***** ** This notice applies to any and all portions of this file G431（）HAL库配置串口. Share Cite Follow answered Sep 24, 2020 at … STM32 nucleo G071RB i am trying to generate a sine waveform using DDS and i was using timer interrupt. Look at the door independently . (E. We will show it based on the STM32F4-Discovery board, however controlling the timers of other STM32 devices is very similar. c * @brief : Main program body ***** ** This notice applies to any and all portions of this file 1. – All embedded software utilities, delivered with a full set of examples. Correct, you can also use LL instead of the HAL or control the DAC in bare metal. c' i see it as follow: uint32_t SystemCoreClock = 16000000; Is it some bug in CubeMX code generation that I am not getting the correct value here? – scico111 Jan 27, 2019 at 7:23 1 Selecting STM32H750 in CubeMX (my chosen part) as a new chip Got to SYS menu and select Timer7 for the timebase source Go to NVIC menu and slelct a non-zero interrupt priority for TIM7 (it isn't gray'd out, so I can) Go to FreeRTOS and enable it Go back to NVIC menu and now TIM7 is set to interrupt priority 0 and gray'd out, so not changable. Longjumping_Tackle25 STM32 Review Notes (Twenty) -the See Dog Turnion. Warning: this tutorial describes the legacy StdPeriph interface. Step1: Open CubeMX & Create New Project Step2: Choose The Target MCU & Double-Click Its Name Step3: Click On The Pin You … This example can be divided in the following blocks: Provide a time base in milliseconds and take advantage of the true RNG in the microcontroller Initialize the microcontroller for this particular board Initialize the Ethernet controller Initialize Mongoose Initialize the networking stack Run Mongoose Custom mg_millis () # 之前一直对stm32的上电后的system tick timer时钟配置存疑，为什么定时时间不随频率改变总能保持1ms，cude生成的两个函数HAL_Init . The minor1 value could reflect a timer … Correct, you can also use LL instead of the HAL or control the DAC in bare metal. Regards. freertos. Feb 8, 2022 · Working with STM32 and sensors: GPS NEO-6M UART based sensor Posted February 8, 2022 by Husamuldeen in Embedded Systems , LCD , Peripheral Drivers , STM32 In this guide, we shall investigate the GPS and how it works and use NEO-6M GPS module to locate our location in any … 今天说一说 定时器的种类_STM32中文参考手册 ,希望您对编程的造诣更进一步. code and manual. Assuming that you use STM32CubeMX to generate your project template, this system clock is the same SYSCLK (MHz) clock under 'Clock Configuration'. Copy the GPIO project and modify the name of the file fold. When it reaches 0, it will … When you know how long is the controller not sleeping, you can use STM32CubeMX to calculate power consumption. Click the . The LPTIM main features are listed below: The SysTick timer can be used for timing measurements. 。. Start up the TIM3, and select the internal clock. AN4885, AN4539, and AN4449 are practical examples of high-resolution timer use. c - provides the SystemInit() function with system clock setup, SysTick setup, etc Open STM32CubeIDE, start a new project, select your board (Nucleo-L476RG), and give your project a good name. But all I get is that the LED just stays on forever (which means the interrupt routine runs just once). In this example, I use the 1 millisecond update counter. STM32 - 蓝桥杯嵌入式 ADC电压采集. It adopts high-level process (22 nm) for high performance computing. I normally use one of the timer to create millisecond interrupt. apyar comic apk The STM32CubeG0 MCU Package is delivered with a rich set of examples running on STMicroelectronics boards. 1. In the CubeMX perspective, open Timers and select TIM16. This is an LTS maintenance release with fixes. A magnifying glass. count number of these pulses in 1 sec~1000msec using SysTick_Handler (ISR). main source of time base, instead of Systick. • Managing USB power delivery systems with STM32 microcontrollers (UM2552 ) • STM32Cube USB device library (UM1734 ) . { /* STM32F0xx HAL library initialization: - Configure the Flash prefetch - Systick timer is configured by default as source of time base, but user can eventually implement his proper time base source (a general purpose timer for example or other time source), keeping in mind that Time base duration should be kept 1ms since PPP_TIMEOUT_VALUEs . h" void NVIC_EnableIRQ (IRQn_Type IRQn) etc. ---TC_WKUP as main source of time base, instead of … Programming SysTick timer on STM32f103 Blue Pill Development Board arm cortex-m makefile stm32 embedded-c systick blue-pill systick-timer Updated on Nov 24, 2022 C emre108 / Software-Timer-Framework-STM32 Star 2 Code Issues Pull requests header (. 第十三届蓝桥杯电子赛嵌入式大学组赛后总结. Also, I've commented out the code I showed you in the last article so you can see how the new interface works. ico file to open the STM32cubeMX project file and reconfigure it. 1 It is installed directly into the interrupt vector table. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. A version for the … Posted on February 06, 2014 at 12:08 Hi, I like to have a millisecond interrupt. STM32Cube covers the STM32 portfolio. With the LL library you come quite close to bare metal, so that you only need to activate it: in STM32CubeMX > "project" > Project Manager > Advanced Settings --> click on HAL to the right of the peripheral DAC and change to LL. Table 5 presents a general overview of timer features. h contiki-conf. c - provides the main() entry point with hardware init, LED blinking and network init; hal. … In this example we will run the STM32G0 at its maximum speed which is 64 MHz. I am trying to implement in my project a days counter, but not based on RTC since I cannot use external battery (it's … A tag already exists with the provided branch name. Configure any of your timers to generate interrupts at 1kHz (PSC = Timer clock (in MHz) - 1, ARR = 999). This can save MCU resources without wasting a timer. c at master · timsonater/stm32-CAN-bus-example-HAL-API · GitHub timsonater / stm32-CAN-bus-example-HAL-API Public Notifications Fork Star master stm32-CAN-bus-example-HAL-API/main. To get TIM3 counter clock at 10 KHz, the Prescaler … This example can be divided in the following blocks: Provide a time base in milliseconds and take advantage of the true RNG in the microcontroller Initialize the microcontroller for this particular board Initialize the Ethernet controller Initialize Mongoose Initialize the networking stack Run Mongoose Custom mg_millis () # 今天说一说 定时器的种类_STM32中文参考手册 ,希望您对编程的造诣更进一步. Not using SysTick at all If the only purpose of SysTick in your program is to … 一个配置文件和实现文件的过程。. com/systick-timer-tm4c123g-arm-cortex-m4-microcontroller/SysTick Timer (System Timer) TM4C123G ARM Cortex M4 MicrocontrollerOther. Timers are enhanced with more advanced features in newer devices. gg/NzbJ6eGakv Here I attempt to explain on how to go about making a … The STM32CubeG0 MCU Package is delivered with a rich set of examples running on STMicroelectronics boards. On the other hand, it seems to be possible to set up Systick as an interrupt in NVIC as well. Table 5presents a general … * @file : main. The trig_frequency (sampling rate) when increased from 100KHz to higher, the output frequency had shift (decreased in value). To get TIM3 counter clock at 10 KHz, the Prescaler is computed as following: Prescaler = (TIM3CLK / TIM3 counter clock) - 1 Prescaler = (SystemCoreClock /10 KHz) – 1 = (64 MHz / 10 KHz)-1 = 6400 -1 = 6399 UM2642. Using Arduino Programming Questions. c ” 也可裁剪掉的,因为在我们STM32单片机代码中,有自 … One example is the vDPA that where the control virtqueue could be implemented through software mediation. But is there any advantage of using … In this example we will run the STM32G0 at its maximum speed which is 64 MHz. Zephyr 1. Not using SysTick at all If the only purpose of SysTick in your program is to … By default, the STM32Cube HAL is built around a unique timebase source which is the ARM-Cortex system timer (SysTick). The example here uses the STM32F407VG found on the STM32F4 Discovery board. In the following section, we will take the basic timer as an example to simply introduce the timers. Table 2, Table 3and Table 4summarize the STM32 family timers. STM32 SysTick CPU clock speed timer Using Arduino Programming Questions vicdidwhat April 6, 2020, 9:10pm 1 Spent hours browsing for information, looking for code example for STM32F103C6, to count days of operation. Spent hours browsing for information, looking for code example for STM32F103C6, to count days of operation. vicdidwhat April 6, 2020, 9:10pm 1. Controlling STM32 Hardware Timers with Interrupts. c - provides the SystemInit() function with system clock setup, SysTick setup, etc This example is a plain GCC make-based project with the following files: main. 继续 . By dividing the core frequency by 1,000, we are saying that we want each SysTick to occur every millisecond. 定时时间的计算公式： 预装载值（period） /（72M /预分频值 (prescaler )） ； 时钟频率为72M，那么一个时钟周期就是： 1/72M； 计一个数需要的时间： 预分频值*（1/72M）； 定时时间： 预装载值（period）* 预分频值*（1/72M）；也可以写为：预装载值（period） /（72M /预分频值 (prescaler )） 1s定时 ： 10000（period） /72000000/ … Gps GPS NMEA Library for stm32 HAL. c Latest commit 645bf63 on Jan 9, 2019 History 1 contributor … { /* STM32F0xx HAL library initialization: - Configure the Flash prefetch - Systick timer is configured by default as source of time base, but user can eventually implement his proper time base source (a general purpose timer for example or other time source), keeping in mind that Time base duration should be kept 1ms since PPP_TIMEOUT_VALUEs . Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 summarize the STM32 family timers. P-chip is made for customers. 后期自行进一步精简。. 124K views 2 years ago Getting Started with STM32 and Nucleo In this tutorial, Shawn shows you how to set up timers in STM32 and use those timers to measure execution time, create. practical examples of high-resolution timer use. h #define __CM3_REV __IOM #include "stm32l1xx. ---TC_WKUP as main source of time base, instead of … * Join My discord channel to ask questions or just chat https://discord. The code makes use of the older Standard Peripheral Drivers. h platform. For applications that do not require an OS, the SysTick can be used for time keeping, time measurement, or as an interrupt source for tasks that need to be executed regularly. For example, we have: #define SCS_BASE (0xE000E000UL) core_cm3. c) file of the framework framework timer stm32 software … * @file : main. Perform dog feeding, at this time the medium value of the heavy loading register will be reloaded to the counter. Always clear it before enabling … SysTick - system timer is a peripheral in CM3 kernel, embedded in NVIC. I am trying to implement in my project a days counter, but not based on RTC since I cannot use external battery (it's … STM32 Timer – Timer Mode LAB Config. h, as per the FAQ - see the red "special note to ARM Cortex-M users" here: https://www. 3. 一个配置文件和实现文件的过程。. ！. In this case systick is a 24 bit counter so: uint32_t start_time = getSystick () ; // do something uint32_t end_time = getSystick () ; uint32_t elapsed_time_in_systicks = ( (start_time << 8) - (end_time << 8)) >> 8 ; … So the first statment is ulSysTickCTRL = portNVIC_SYSTICK_CTRL; followed by the changes to the control register. But my problem is, that the interrupt SysTick_Handler does not get called. For more detail please visit my Tutorial : http://www. Description of STM32WL HAL and low-layer drivers. The following security vulnerabilities (CVEs) were addressed in this release: CVE-202 Registers of System Timer 10 Reading it returns the current value of the counter When it transits from 1 to 0, it generates an interrupt Writing to SysTick_VAL clears the counter and COUNTFLAG to zero Cause the counter to reload on the next timer clock But, does not trigger an SysTick interrupt It has random value on reset. org help / color / mirror / Atom feed * lib/fortify_kunit. c - provides the SystemInit() function with system clock setup, SysTick setup, etc 1. Besides minor changes not in scope of this overview, a significant update divides the STM32 family Correct, you can also use LL instead of the HAL or control the DAC in bare metal. e use Encoder mode to get pulses from sensor. The other is called P- chip (peripheral chip). In timer ISR count milliseconds. Clock is provided by an independent RC oscillator You can select the door dog timeout and time interval through the pre -scoring frequency . c * @brief : Main program body ***** ** This notice applies to any and all portions of this file LKML Archive on lore. Floating-point UnitIt provides IEEE754-compliant operations on single- precision, 32-bit, oating-point . If clock frequency is changed, then the number of ticks requred for 1ms should be given as … When you know how long is the controller not sleeping, you can use STM32CubeMX to calculate power consumption. 6 strand stopper knot. The low-power timer (LPTIM) helps to reduce the power consumption specifically while the system is in low-power mode. This example is a plain GCC make-based project with the following files: main. Besides minor changes not in scope of this overview, a significant update divides the STM32 family G431（）HAL库配置串口. cclk = 100 Mhz ticks = 1000/sec $$RELOAD = (cclk / ticks) - 1 = (100 Mhz / 1000) - 1 = 100,000 - 1 = 99,999$$ Steps To configure Systick Set the Reload … STM32 SysTick CPU clock speed timer. Means use SysTick_Handler function as a time base to count pulses in 1000msec. Generally, we set the system clock SYSCLK equal to 72M. Suppose, for example, that when by the time the processor reads the data from SysTick->VAL it has already started executing the instruction to read SysTickMajor … I am using external osc. https://microcontrollerslab. When your rotation event triggers you can directly read TIMx_CNT (there is a macro in hal library to read timer counter value) to get microsecond digit. c:28:9: sparse: sparse: incompatible types for operation (==): @ 2022-10-20 1:15 kernel test robot 0 siblings, 0 replies; 5+ messages in thread From: kernel test robot @ 2022-10-20 1:15 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Kees Cook; +Cc: kbuild-all, linux-kernel, David Gow [-- Attachment … 定时时间的计算公式： 预装载值（period） /（72M /预分频值 (prescaler )） ； 时钟频率为72M，那么一个时钟周期就是： 1/72M； 计一个数需要的时间： 预分频值*（1/72M）； 定时时间： 预装载值（period）* 预分频值*（1/72M）；也可以写为：预装载值（period） /（72M /预分频值 (prescaler )） 1s定时 ： 10000（period） /72000000/ … GeneralPurpose Timer Cookbook for STM32 Microcontrollers code and manual. * @file : main. 定时器的配置部 … { /* STM32F0xx HAL library initialization: - Configure the Flash prefetch - Systick timer is configured by default as source of time base, but user can eventually implement his proper time base source (a general purpose timer for example or other time source), keeping in mind that Time base duration should be kept 1ms since PPP_TIMEOUT_VALUEs . …. All further calculations are so based on the here saved value. Typically this is used as a timebase for an operating system (for example to allocate time slices) although this example will use it as a simple periodic interrupt source. electronics-homemade. 定时器的配置部 … stm32 configuration summary using Systick tick counter The system tick timer is a peripheral that exists in all m3 cores, but the number of other timers in m3 … This example is a plain GCC make-based project with the following files: main. Using a real-time operating system allows applications to be written as a set of 1 I created a new STM32CubeIDE project for the STM32F030CC mcu. It has many peripherals and an ARM A926 added especially for real-time control. Share Cite Follow edited Jul 9, 2020 at 23:24 answered Jul 9, 2020 at 23:16 Cimory 87 12 Show 5 … STM32 F4 (8) Systick Tick Timer - Delay Function Explanation QQ Group 860099671. Made use of TI Robotics Systems Learning Kit implementation requires solid understanding of concepts related to embedded systems such as GPIO, PWM, timers, … The SysTick_Config function automatically starts the System Timer, sets the countdown value as its only input, and enables the SysTick interrupt. com/STM32F4-LED-Toggle-Systick. 7\os内，把一些高大上的，暂时又用不着的文件先裁剪掉，如下图所示： 上图的 “ contiki-main. The processor of CM3 core of STM32 contains a SysTick timer. If I’m not mistaken your implementation is based on the actual control register and it is not saved before. payp. The timer severs as a clock of the MCU. I have followed a procedure, i.